Friday, August 5, 2016

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1300 UTC Newscast in English

From Washington, this is VOA News. I’m Michael Brown reporting. U.S. President Barack Obama says the fight to defeat the Islamic State has to be waged beyond the battlefield. Mr. Obama briefed reporters on the campaign against the militant group after meeting with his top military and national security advisors. “ISIL (The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) has not had a major, successful offensive operation in either Syria or Iraq in a full year. Even ISIL’s leaders know they are going to keep losing. In their message to followers, they are increasingly acknowledging that they may lose Mosul and Raqqa, and ISIL is right. They will lose them.” Mr. Obama's meeting came as the U.S. launches more air strikes in and around an Islamic State stronghold in Libya. The U.S. military says the operation in Libya will probably last weeks, rather than months. Gunmen fired on a busy marketplace in northeastern India Friday, killing at least 12 people. Officials say 15 others were wounded in the attack in the Assam area. Authorities say one gunman was killed, and security forces are searching for other suspects. U.S.-based Muslim cleric Fethullah Gulen is denouncing the arrest warrant issued by Turkey, accusing him of masterminding the failed coup in Turkey last month. Gulen said, in a statement, the arrest warrant from the Turkish court changes nothing about his status or views. The Turkish government has said Gulen, a former ally of President Erdogan, orchestrated the coup by renegade officers in the military and has called on the U.S. to extradite him to Turkey. Ankara, however, has not filed a formal extradition paper. And, people in Russia are welcoming news that dozens of the country’s athletes will be allowed to participate in this summer’s Olympics. The International Olympic Committee reached the decision to admit more than 270 Russian athletes amid a scandal involving state-sponsored doping by Russia. This is VOA News. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section.

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Thursday, August 4, 2016

August 4, 2016

A look at the best news photos from around the world.

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Can Hackers Break into U.S. Voting Machines?

  Recent attacks on American computer systems have raised concerns that electronic voting machines could be future targets. Emails from the Democratic National Committee (DNC) recently appeared on the WikiLeaks website. The emails showed that Democratic Party leaders failed to be neutral during the party’s presidential nomination process. They worked against Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, who battled former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for the nomination. She was officially nominated last month. The leaked emails led top DNC officials to resign. Democratic Party officials have pointed to possible Russian involvement in the attack. Richard Forno is a computer expert and director of the University of Maryland’s Center for Cybersecurity. He said the political response to the hacked DNC emails will lead to more attacks designed to influence the U.S. elections. “Interfering with the electoral and political process of countries is a classic tool of intelligence and foreign policy,” said Forno. He made the comment on the program “HashtagVOA.” The Brennan Center for Justice reported last year that 43 of the 50 American states will use voting machines thought to be 10 or more years old. It said these older machines are more at risk for “serious security and reliability” problems. But it is not like there haven’t been problems already. Last month, Illinois officials reported that the state’s voter registration system was attacked. It forced the temporary shutdown of the system. On Wednesday, Department of Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson said he might make election equipment part of what the government calls “critical infrastructure.” In the United States, state and local government officials are responsible for organizing elections. Making elections “critical infrastructure” could free up federal money to make voting machines more secure. “There’s vital interest in our election process,” Johnson said. “We’re actively thinking about the election and cybersecurity right now." He spoke at a Christian Science Monitor breakfast with reporters in Washington, D.C. Edgardo Cortés is Commissioner of Elections in Virginia. He said an attack on his state’s electronic voting machines is unlikely. He told VOA that Virginia moved to take away the wireless technology for electronic voting machines to make them less open to hacking. The state also brought in an outside expert to help the state government improve security, Cortes said. He noted that Virginia is working to provide enough paper ballots in the event the voting machines fail or are hacked. But he said local governments need federal money to make their systems more secure. The Republican Party’s candidate for president, Donald Trump, has raised concerns about whether voting in the November elections will be fair. He spoke to the Washington Post newspaper earlier this week. “If the election is rigged, I would not be surprised,” Trump said. The businessman expressed concern after courts in five states overturned state laws that required voters to show identification or proof of citizenship. In North Carolina, an appeals court ruled that the state’s new voting law seemed targeted at African-Americans by making it more difficult for them to vote. The court said there is no evidence of the widespread voter fraud that would require such a law. I’m  Bruce Alpert.   Michael Lipin reported this story for VOA News. Bruce Alpert adapted the story and did additional reporting for Learning English. George Grow was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section and share your views on our Facebook Page. _____________________________________________________________ Words in this Story   hacked – adj. of or related to a break-in or an attack on a computer system reliability - adj. how well something works classic - adj. used to describe something that has been popular for a long time shutdown - n. the act of stopping the operation or activity of a business, machine critical infrastructure - n. the most important equipment and structures (such as roads and bridges) needed for a country to function properly rigged - v. set up for someone to fail or success in an election or contest

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Experimental Zika Vaccine Clinical Testing Begins

The United States government has begun the first clinical testing of an experimental vaccine designed to guard against Zika virus. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases made the announcement earlier this week. The experimental vaccine has already been tested in animals. Anthony Fauci, the institute’s director, said on Wednesday that investigators should know soon whether the vaccine is safe for use in human beings. He said the first human tests involve 40 human volunteers in the U.S. “If we get a good immune response and there are no safety red flags by the end of December 2016, we should know if it’s okay to move on to phase II.” He said the second phase could begin early next year. Those trials will be larger studies, involving more volunteers. They would be performed in countries where Zika has spread. There, researchers would look not only at the safety of the experimental vaccine, but its effectiveness in fighting infection. Infected mosquitoes can pass the virus to people. It can also be passed through sexual contact. Zika usually causes minor problems in healthy people. But there is a real danger if an infected insect bites a pregnant woman. The infection could spread to the fetus she is carrying. If infected with the virus, women can give birth to babies with a severe condition known as microcephaly. The heads and brains of those babies are unusually small. Microcephaly can cause many mental and physical problems and even death. At first, the vaccine’s main target will be women of the age when many women give birth. Researchers would also be looking to prevent the disease in the general adult population. New technique The vaccine was developed with a relatively new technology. It was scientifically engineered to contain a small piece of DNA from the virus. DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid, which contains the biological commands for Zika. The piece is so small that it is not infectious. But it is big enough to produce a reaction from the body’s natural defenses for fighting disease. Fauci said the DNA method makes it easy to provide the vaccine quickly. “We cannot afford to delay the development of a safe and effective vaccine to prevent Zika virus infection,” he added. Zika infections have been reported in 50 countries and territories. Most cases are in Central and South America and the Caribbean. This week, U.S. officials announced that a number of people in the state of Florida have been infected. They said all the infections resulted from infected mosquitoes. I’m Anne Ball. Jessica Berman wrote this story for VOANews.com. Jim Dresbach adapted it for Learning English. George Grow was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section or visit our Facebook page. ________________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   clinical – adj. relating to or based on work done with real patients immune – adj. not capable of being affected by a disease microcephaly – n. a physical condition associated with incomplete brain development mosquitoes – n. small flying insects that bite the skin of people and sometimes spread serious diseases

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'Pokemon Go' Costly for Japanese Olympian in Rio

  This is What’s Trending Today….   Olympic athletes from around the world are in Brazil to compete in the 2016 Olympic Games. The opening ceremony takes place on Friday in Rio de Janeiro. Most of the competitors are staying in the newly opened Olympic Village. Some have criticized living conditions within the village. Members of the Australian Olympic team, for example, decided to find somewhere else to stay until repairs were made in their building. Some athletes had another concern. There were no Pokemon to hunt in the Olympic Village. People could download the game in Brazil, but there were no Pokemon in the village. But that has not stopped one Olympian from trying to hunt Pokemon. Kohei Uchimura is a Japanese gymnast. He is a six-time world champion and the defending Olympic champion in men’s gymnastics. His first day of competition at the 2016 Games is on Saturday. He is favored to repeat as the Olympic champion. But, somehow, he has found time -- a lot of time -- to try to play Pokemon Go since arriving in Rio late last month.   Uchimura recently received a nearly $5,000 telephone bill, Japan’s Kyodo news agency reported. A lot of that money is for international roaming charges. This means his phone service did not include data when traveling in other countries. Thankfully, the AP reported, his phone carrier has agreed to reduce the amount. He will now pay a much-lower fee, of $30, for each day he is in Brazil. Uchimura told Kyodo News that he  "really lucked out.” One Twitter user said Uchimura “deserves a medal for talking down” his phone bill.   It looks like Uchimura and other Pokemon-playing Olympians will soon be able to “catch them all.” Pokemon Go announced Wednesday night that the game is launching in Central and South America. It said on Facebook that Pokemon Go will now be "in the hands of our Latin American fans, visitors, and the Olympic athletes in Rio!​" ​And that’s What’s Trending Today...   I'm Mehrnoush Karimian-Ainsworth. Ashley Thompson wrote this story. George grow was the editor. Let us know what you think of this story. Post a message in the Comment Section or on our Facebook page. ______________________________________________________________ Words in This Story athlete - n. a person who is trained in or good at sports, games, or exercises that require physical skill and strength​ roaming - n. the use of a cell phone in an area that is outside the usual area and that requires the use of a different network data - n.  information that is produced or stored by a computer​ deserve - v. used to say that someone or something should or should not have or be given something​ medal - n. a piece of metal often in the form of a coin with designs and words in honor of a special event, a person, or an achievement

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Muslim-Americans Becoming More Involved in US Politics

  Sarwat Husain is an American Muslim from Texas. She says people there sometimes look at the hijab she wears over her head. But Husain got more attention than she was used to on a flight to Orlando, Florida. It came from the man who sat next to her on the airplane. Husain said that after the plane took off, the man said, “If this window was a door, I would have pushed you out.” She said she answered, “I would have taken you with me.” She said the man laughed at her answer and said, “Oh, you’re so funny!” She answered, “Sir, what you said was not funny at all.” Husain was flying to Florida for a meeting of the Democratic Party’s Platform Committee. The meeting was called to finalize plans for the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia. Husain set up the San Antonio office of the Council on American-Islamic Relations. She also helped create the American Muslim Democratic Caucus, a political organization known as the AMDC. And she has been working with the Democratic Party to help provide better political representation for Muslim-Americans across the country. The AMDC formed in the years after the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 to answer the hatred its members believed was directed at Muslim-Americans. The group also wanted to persuade more Muslim-Americans to take part in the political process. Husain said her recent flight to Orlando showed the need for Muslim-Americans to become more involved and visible in American politics. She believes this will help slow what she believes is an increase in Islamophobia. After forming in Texas in 2004, the AMDC has expanded to 79 chapters. Husain believes it will continue to grow. She says the group’s goal is to increase the number of Muslim-Americans who hold political office. She admits there are some people who do not want her to succeed. “There are also some people who think having a Muslim will hurt the party,” she said. Husain said another barrier to increased involvement of Muslim-Americans in politics is the challenge of persuading them to vote. The Pew Research Center estimates 3.3 million Muslims live in the United States. The center predicts the number will double by 2050. Muslims are one of the fastest-growing communities in the country. But many Muslim-Americans who can vote do not. Tahir Ali works at the American Muslim Alliance. He said the lack of voting is “not the fault of the American government.” He said their experience with voting in other countries may be the reason so few Muslims in the United States decide to vote. “Where they come from the process may not be clean. It may be corrupt; it may be rigged also,” he said. Ali said that is why many Muslim-American immigrants who become U.S. citizens and gain the right to vote do not do so. “We have to educate them that this process is a very clean process,” he said. “We have to educate about the calculation of votes to the youth, to the ladies, so that they can think that it is their right to exercise their vote in order for them to be recognized.” Sarwat Husain said voting is sometimes not important to immigrants. “Many of the immigrants, they are still trying to settle down, their roots, you know take care of the family, raise their children, because this is an extremely family-oriented society,” she said. The children of immigrants, she says, are beginning to vote. They include people like Noman Khanani. “Now you are starting to see more second-generation Muslims get a little more involved,” said Khanani. “But a lot of them are still around my age, in their mid-twenties, early thirties, so it’s still too early to tell, so I think in the next five to ten years, you are going to see more and more of them involved.” Khanani admits it can be difficult to persuade immigrant parents to tell their children that voting is important. “I don’t know how many people actually see this as an urgency,” he said. “A lot of immigrant parents tend to push their children towards sciences,” and engineering-related subjects rather than politics. Sarwat Husain saw many young Muslim-Americans at a recent AMDC gathering in Philadelphia. She hopes the next Muslim-American political candidate was among them. “Being involved in politics is a form of worship in Islam,” she said. “The land you live in, you must serve that land at every level in every respect.” I’m Christopher Jones-Cruise. VOA Correspondent Kane Farabaugh reported this story from Philadelphia. It was adapted for Learning English by Christopher Jones-Cruise. George Grow was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section or visit our Facebook page. _______________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   hijab – n. a head covering worn in public by some Muslim women visible – adj. known to or noticed by the public Islamophobia – n. dislike of or prejudice against Islam or Muslims, especially as a political force chapter – n. the people in a certain area who make up one section of a large organization challenge – n. a difficult task or problem; something that is hard to do rig – v. to control or affect (something, such as a game or election) in a dishonest way in order to get a desired result  

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Where Are the World's Tallest and Shortest People?

  The tallest men in the world are Dutch, while the tallest women come from Latvia. That finding comes from a new British study. It also found that East Timor is home to some of the shortest men on our planet, while the shortest women are in Guatemala. Scientists from Imperial College of London studied height measurements for young adults over the past century. The scientists found that between 1914 and 2014, people in some countries have grown taller while average height shrank in other areas. The study found that Dutch men now have an average height of more than 182 centimeters. Among Latvian women, the average height is 170 centimeters. Those numbers represent an increase for both countries since 1914. The question to ask is, why? Philip Wilkens is from Amsterdam, the largest city in The Netherlands. He thinks diet and exercise might explain, in part, why Dutch men are so tall. "Maybe they eat more potatoes? Maybe they eat more bread than other people? We are sportsmen so we do a lot of sports. Maybe that's why we grow a little faster." He might have a point. Scientists agree that sport has something to do with how tall a person is.   Silvija Umbrasko is from Riga Stradins University in Latvia. She says that the height of women can be increased by playing sports and through exercises. She adds that sports such as basketball, volleyball and even handball help a young person grow “because of the stretching exercises that are used." Experts agree that physical activity is important for physical growth. Other studies have explored possible links between a lack of emotional attention and physical growth. But scientists also add that growth depends mostly on diet and environmental and genetic factors. Sanda is a tall woman from Latvia’s capital, Riga. She says, "I'm so used to my height that I don't pay attention to it. However, I've heard that guys like tall girls; so it is a good thing." In 2014, the top 10 tallest nations for men and women were mainly in Europe. Many scientists believe that people in Europe have grown taller in recent years because of improved nutrition. However, the average height in many African and Middle Eastern nations has declined since 1914. In East Timor, the average man is 160 centimeters tall. Many people also are short in Yemen, Laos, Madagascar and a number of Asian and African countries. The British scientists say that the United States reached a plateau in growth about 20 years ago. In other words, the average of height of young adults has changed little during that period. But really, who cares? Is there a good reason for being tall? According to some earlier studies, the answer could be, yes. For example, one study explored the relationship between a person’s height and their future earnings. American researchers led this investigation. They found that “taller workers receive a notable wage or earnings premium in developing economies.” Their findings were reported in the Journal of Human Capital. I’m Anna Matteo. Zlatica Hoke wrote this story for VOANews.com. Anna Matteo adapted it for Learning English. The editor was George Grow. __________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   genetic – adj. of, relating to, or involving genes plateau – n. a period when something does not increase or advance any further notable – adj. unusual and worth noticing premium – n. a high or extra value  

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Studying Sentence Patterns to Improve Your Writing: Part One

  Many English learners have spent a lot of time studying the parts of speech: adjectives, nouns and verbs, for example. But sometimes studying the English sentence from a larger perspective is useful. One way to get a bigger view of English is to study common sentence patterns. The English language has many patterns. In the book Rhetorical Grammar, author Martha Kolln describes seven common sentence patterns. In other writings, she says that 95% of sentences in English fit into basic patterns. Understanding and mastering common patterns will not only help you do better on grammar tests, but improve your writing skills, too. For example, here is a passage written by Ernest Hemingway, a famous American author. It comes from the short story “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.” The story is one of the most famous ones that Hemingway wrote.  "This is a clean and pleasant café. It is well lighted. The light is very good and also, now, there are shadows of the leaves.” Do you notice patterns in these sentences? If you do not recognize them, you will by the end of this report! In this installment of Everyday Grammar, we are focusing on two of the most common patterns in English. Pattern #1: Subject + BE + Subject Complement* Consider a line from the song “Beautiful,” by Christina Aguiliera:                            “I am beautiful.” ​The line shows the foundation of most sentences in English: Sentence = Subject (noun phrase) + predicate (verb phrase) A phrase is a group of words that act as a unit. A noun phrase has an important noun, the headword noun, along with words and phrases that give more information about it. The subject of a sentence is the whole noun phrase – not just the noun! The predicate is a verb phrase with a main verb and the words and phrases that give more information about it. If you take the sentence from the Aguilera song, you can analyze it like this:     Subject     Predicate               I           am beautiful  In this sentence, the adjective beautiful acts as the subject complement. It describes “I,” the subject. So, the song lyric is the first important sentence pattern in English. Pattern #1 Subject + BE + Subject Complement The subject complement can be either an adjective or a noun phrase. For example, consider this line from the music group Queen. “We are the champions. We are the champions.” ​ In that line, the subject is “we.” The predicate, “are the champions,” contains the BE verb along with a subject complement, “the champions.” This noun phrase is describing the subject, “we.” You might find sentences that appear more complicated but use the same basic structure. Consider this song by the Beatles: Baby, you're a rich man Baby, you're a rich man Baby, you're a rich man ​ At first, the sentence appears complicated, but the basic structure of the sentence remains the same: Subject + BE + Subject complement. The difference is that the sentence has added information, a noun that is the same as the subject of the sentence. Baby, you're a rich man. Noun, SUB + BE + Subject Complement Pattern #2: Subject + BE + Adverbial The Subject + BE + Subject Complement pattern is not the only pattern you will find with the verb BE. Consider these two sentences: 1) My friends are at the concert. 2) The test was yesterday. In these examples, the subject and the BE verb are followed by adverbials, which are, in this case, words or phrases that tell where or when. In the first sentence, the adverbial structure is the prepositional phrase “at the concert.” In the second sentence, the adverbial structure is the adverb “yesterday.” These examples show another common BE structure: Subject + BE + Adverbial. What does this have to do with Hemingway? Think back to the Hemingway passage from the beginning of this story. "This is a clean and pleasant café. It is well-lighted. The light is very good and also, now, there are shadows of the leaves.” The second sentence clearly uses a Pattern #1 sentence: Subject        BE              Subject Complement    It                  is                    well-lighted But if you look closely, you will see every sentence in the passage uses Pattern #1. Two of the sentences use conjunctions, but they still depend on the same basic pattern. "This is a clean and pleasant café.    It is well-lighted.          The light is very SUB.+ BE +SUB COMP             SUB.+BE+SUB COMP    SUB.    +  BE  good and also, now, there are shadows of the leaves.” +SUB COMP.              Hemingway was famous for his short, declarative style. However, he did not write using basic pattern 1 and 2 sentences only! Good writers know how to make their sentences come to life. They do not write the same sentences over and over again! What can you do? To help you start recognizing these patterns, I am going to give you four more sentences written by Ernest Hemingway. Your homework is to identify which of the two basic patterns he is using. Please remember that sometimes Hemingway uses additional words. Just focus on finding the basic structure – pattern 1 or pattern 2. We will give you the answers next week in the comments section and on our Facebook page. Here are the sentences: 1. "He is a good lion, isn't he?"   - from “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber”  2. "He must be eighty years old." – from “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”  3. "He was only in a hurry.“  – also from A Clean, Well-Lighted Place  4. "The treatment is for tomorrow." – from “Great News from the Mainland" I'm Jonathan Evans. I'm Jill Robbins.  And I'm John Russell.  John Russell wrote this story for Learning English. Kelly Jean Kelly was the editor. *To learn more about these patterns, read Martha Kolln's Rhetorical Grammar: Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects.    We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section. ____________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   adjective – n. a word that describes a noun or a pronoun perspective – n. a way of thinking about and understanding something (such as a particular issue or life in general) phrase – n. a group of two or more words that express a single idea but do not usually form a complete sentence predicate – n. the part of a sentence that expresses what is said about the subject analyze – v. to study (something) closely and carefully  complement – n. a word or group of words added to a sentence to make it complete champion – n. someone or something (such as a team or an animal) that has won a contest or competition especially in sports additional – adj. more than is usual or expected

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Spread of Disease Linked to Sandstorms in Sahel

Sandstorms are a major part of life in the Sahel area in Africa. The Sahel stretches from Senegal to Ethiopia. The area is also called the “meningitis belt” because of high levels of the disease meningitis that exist there. Now, new research suggests sandstorms may be the cause of the high number of bacterial meningitis cases each year in the Sahel. British and Belgian researchers think high winds from the storms are to blame. They say the winds force sand, other small particles and the bacteria that causes meningitis deep into the respiratory tract. Researcher Daniel Neill is with the Institute of Infection and Global Health at the University of Liverpool. He says it is common for people all over the world to have bacteria in their breathing passages. He notes it is usually safe. “But what’s very rare is for these bacteria to move from … the nose and mouth and throat to places like the brain, lungs or bloodstream where they cause severe disease,” Neill adds. “We were able to show … that the dust [increases the chances] of the bacteria moving from the mouth, nose or throat [to] the sites where they causes severe infection.” Over the past 10 years, there have been about one million cases of bacterial meningitis in the Sahel, he says. This resulted in about 100,000 deaths. Neill and the other researchers reported their findings in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. The group spent eight years studying dust storms in the Sahel, an area with 26 countries and 300 million people. The main country they studied was Niger. The researchers studied periods of visibility during the storms. They measured levels of sand and other particles in the air. They found the lower the visibility levels, the more cases of meningitis there were. Researchers believe sand debris is the problem. During a dust storm, the debris causes irritation to the inside of the nose, mouth and throat. The irritation makes it easier for bacteria to enter the rest of the body. Neill adds that the hot climate in the Sahel causes bacteria to release toxins. These substances make it harder for the body’s natural defenses to fight infection. Antibiotic drugs and vaccines have reduced the number of meningitis cases, he says. But the number might be reduced even more if people going out in the storms covered their faces with scarves or gauze material. “And that’s something that we could test relatively simply,” Neill adds. Dust storms most often happen during the Sahel’s dry season, the hottest part of the year. By studying climate conditions, Neill says, it may be possible to predict when the most dangerous storms are likely to strike. I’m Patrick Merentie. Jessica Berman reported on this story for VOANews.com. Pete Musto adapted it for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.   We want to hear from you. Does the weather in your country cause people to be sick? How can medical professionals prevent these problems? Write to us in the Comments Section or on our Facebook page. _______________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   sandstorm(s) – n. an event in which very strong winds blow sand around very forcefully in the desert respiratory tract – n. the lungs or other organs used in the act or process of breathing throat – n. the tube inside the neck that leads to the stomach and lungs bloodstream – n. the flow of blood that moves through the heart and body visibility – n. the ability to see or be seen irritation – n. to make part of your body sore or painful toxin(s) – n. a poisonous substance and especially one that is produced by a living thing scarf(scarves) – n. a long piece of cloth that is worn on your shoulders, around your neck, or over your head  gauze – n. cloth so thin that you can see through it

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News Words: Entrepreneur

You may be an entrepreneur. Learn what it is and how to pronounce it in this week's News Words.

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