California is set to open its roads up for the first time to self-driving vehicles with no human drivers. The Department of Motor Vehicles announced plans to allow testing on state roads later this year of truly driverless cars. Until now, California has only allowed testing of autonomous vehicles with a driver ready to take over if something goes wrong. The proposed change would allow testing of vehicles with no steering wheel or pedal controls. However, any driverless vehicle being tested must be remotely controllable and able to stop itself in an emergency. A hearing will be held next month to get public comments on the issue before the change can take effect. Officials say they hope the new rules can receive final approval by December. The proposed rules open the path for self-driving cars to be widely sold and used throughout the state, officials said. Truly driverless vehicles could be available for sale in California as early as 2018. The cars must also meet all federal safety requirements to be allowed on California roads. The U.S. government released its own set of guidelines for driverless vehicles last September. Officials said the guidelines were intended to bring about a “responsible introduction” of autonomous technology in a “safe, clean, efficient” way. California is the largest automobile market in the United States. Currently, 27 companies have permission to test autonomous vehicles on the state’s public roads. These include major U.S. and foreign carmakers, as well as technology companies like Google and Uber. Ride-sharing company Uber was forced to pull its test cars out of California last December after a dispute with officials over required permits. Uber had argued it did not need state permits for testing because its vehicles were not “fully autonomous.” But last week, Uber finally gave in to state officials and got the required permit to test its self-driving cars in California. I’m Bryan Lynn. Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English, based on reports from the Associated Press and Reuters. Hai Do was the editor. How do you feel about the testing of driverless cars on public roads? Write to us in the Comments section, and visit our Facebook page. ________________________________________________________________ Words in This Story autonomous – adj. existing separately from other things steering wheel – n. wheel the driver uses to control the direction of a vehicle pedal – n. control on a piece of equipment that is pushed with a foot efficient – adj. capable of working well and producing good results
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Wednesday, March 15, 2017
South Koreans Angry Over Ousted Leader’s Dogs
This is What’s Trending Today… Ousted South Korean leader Park Geun-hye moved out of the presidential home over the weekend. She returned to her private home in the Gangnam area of Seoul, the capital. But, Park left behind her nine pet dogs at the presidential Blue House. Now, animal rights groups are accusing Park of animal abandonment. The Busan Korea Alliance for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals published the accusation on Twitter. The alliance said it brought the incident to the attention of police. It and other animal rights groups in South Korea have offered to help find new homes for the nine dogs. They are Jindos, a Korean breed of hunting dog known for their loyalty. Park was given two Jindos in 2013. The dogs, whose names mean ‘New’ and ‘Hope’ in English, became famous on the internet. Park would often post photographs of herself with them on her Facebook page. The two dogs had seven puppies earlier this year. A Blue House spokesman said that Wednesday that Park left the nine dogs at the presidential palace because the puppies are still too young to be separated from their mother. He said the dogs would stay there until the puppies are ready to be sent to new owners. “She [Park] told Blue House staff to take good care of the dogs and to find good foster homes for the puppies if necessary,” the spokesman added. It is not clear whether Park’s decision to not take the dogs with her can be considered animal abandonment under South Korean law. The country’s animal protection law defines lost or abandoned animals as those “wandering without an owner in public places” or “left deserted in paper boxes or other containers.” Anyone charged with animal abandonment faces a fine of up to 1 million won, or $873. On social media, people have been reacting to Park’s decision to leave the dogs. Many people were angry. Park Jeong-eon, a 38-year-old office worker, told the Associated Press, “It seems that Park Geun-hye is a person who entirely lacks empathy, whether it’s for humans or for animals.” South Korean lawmakers voted to impeach Park Geun-hye last December. They found she had worked with a close friend to pressure large Korean businesses to donate huge amounts of money to two organizations. The Constitutional Court officially removed her from office last Friday. South Koreans will elect a new president on May 9. And that's What's Trending Today. _______________________________________________________________ Words in This Story abandonment - n. the act of leaving and never returning to someone who needs protection or help breed - n. a particular kind of dog, cat, horse, etc. foster home - n. a home where for a period of time a child (or animal) lives and is cared for by people who are not the child's parents or the animal's owners wander - v. to move around or go to different places usually without having a particular purpose or direction empathy - n. the feeling that you understand and share another person's experiences and emotions
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Somaliland Opens Mass Graves, Searches for Murderers
Investigators in Somalia continue to find and remove bodies from large group burial places in the northwestern area of Somaliland. They are gathering evidence to present in court so that war criminals might be punished. Two such cases have been presented already in courts in the United States. VOA went to the town of Berbera, in Somaliland, where the investigators are working. They use metal hand tools to remove the soil covering a group burial place in the coastal town along the Gulf of Aden. The bodies of seventeen men lie almost two meters below. Gunmen shot and then buried the men about thirty years ago. Troops loyal to the former Somali dictator Siad Barre are suspected of responsibility. Barre ordered a military campaign against rebels in Somaliland that killed about 50,000 people. Most of those killed were from the Isaaq group. Somaliland declared independence after the Barre government collapsed in 1991. But other countries do not recognize Somaliland as a nation separate from Somalia. Somaliland has created a War Crimes Investigations Commission. An international team working for the commission has been opening old graves to gather evidence. Khadar Ahmed Like is the chairman of the commission. “Every person has the right to be buried in his religious method. So, we are just taking out these bodies and we are burying them separately after cleaning and praying on them.” The commission has dug up 11 such burial places in the past five years. There are many more, including six others in Berbera alone. New graves are often discovered after rains wash away the topsoil, uncovering human remains. The commission has reburied more than 100 bodies. After a few days of work, the team has found the bones of victims. Members remove the bones and try to make a complete skeleton of them. They examine the remains. They are trying to identify them and learn how they died. Valeska Martinez is an expert from Chile. She finds a skull that has been badly broken. Its facial bones are missing. She says this shows the likely cause of death. “Mostly the case is (a) gunshot wound in the head or in the thoracic area. If we see, like, a gunshot wound in the head, we know that this person don’t (didn’t) die in a natural way. With that kind of proof, we can show in a court a proof that this person was murdered.” Not everyone supports opening the graves. The commission did not talk with family members about the process before it began its work. Some family members tried to stop the graves from being opened. There were clashes between family members and police. The remains of Khadra Mohamed Abdi’s father were found in a mass grave. She says she wants the person who killed him to be found and sent to prison. But she does not want her father’s bones removed from the grave. “It’s all so painful -- you know, someone you forgot twenty-five years ago, and then when we see the process, it’s like it’s new to us. All the time we are crying because we remember what happened that time. We told them not to dig but the decision is (out of) not our hand.” Commissioner Like dismisses the families’ concerns. He says proving the murders took place is important to the country. And he said it could persuade other countries to recognize Somaliland as a nation separate from Somalia. “Actually, for them it’s nothing, but it is for us to prove this genocide has occurred by the regime of Siad Barre.” I’m Dorothy Gundy. Correspondent Jason Patinkin reported this story from Berbera, Somaliland. John Smith adapted the story into VOA Special English. Caty Weaver was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section, or visit our Facebook page. _______________________________________________________________ Words in This Story grave – n. a hole in the ground for burying a dead body skull – n. the structure of bones that form the head and face of a person or animal thoracic – adj. the part of an animal’s body between the neck and the waist actually – adv. used to refer to what is true or real occur – v. to happen regime – n. a form of government
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Tuesday, March 14, 2017
How to Use VOA Learning English for Speaking, Writing
Editor's Note: This guide is useful for classroom learning as well as English language practice groups. For the printable, extended list of activities and instructions, click here. Here at VOA Learning English, we love to help teachers. Our aim is to make learning more interactive, student-centered and fun. In today’s Education Tips, we offer speaking and writing activities for beginning, intermediate and advanced English learners. As a teacher who uses the VOA Learning English website, you know about our quizzes, downloadable lesson plans, and other materials. But, there are other creative and less obvious ways to use our programs in your classroom. Let’s start with a speaking activity for beginners. Speaking activities Beginners: Using the Day in Photos Every day, VOA Learning English posts fascinating photos from around the world. We call it the Day in Photos. You can find photos of all kinds of things, such as a fireworks display in Mexico City or a fisherman sitting in his boat in the Egyptian Nile River Delta. Here’s a speaking activity that will inspire even the shyest beginning speakers to talk to their classmates. With students sitting in pairs, show the image on the screen, without showing the description. Have one student describe what she sees in the image. Then, have the other student imagine what the people or animals in the photo are thinking or saying. This activity gives learners the chance not just to practice speaking but to use their imaginations. Intermediate: Using Learning English TV Our video series are also a great tool for getting students talking. For example, Learning English TV features two-minute videos on topics from science to politics to health. For intermediate learners, you can use pair work to have students summarize what they learn watching the videos. You can play two different videos so both students get the chance to summarize something different. Then, as a whole class, you can discuss what the students learned from the videos. Advanced: Using Learning English TV Advanced speakers can also get talking by watching Learning English TV. For this level, have students do the activity exactly as they did in the intermediate activity. But, ask students to come up with three questions on additional things they’d like to learn about the topic. For advanced speakers, you can also use our video series America’s Presidents to spark discussion on debatable topics. Students can work in small groups to express their opinions on what they watched in the video. For example, John Adams, America’s second president, made policies about immigrants that became controversial during his time. Advanced: Additional Video Series English in a Minute and English at the Movies are also great for sparking lively conversation among advanced English learners. These short series explore an idiom, or common expression. For example, in one English at the Movies episode, the expression "fresh start" is explored. A young man and his mother move to a new place, and the mother says, "Fresh start." Students can use the context of the movie clip and its explanation – based on the multiple choice quiz in the video – to develop their understanding of the expression. One fun activity is to have students create two- or three-person dialogues using the new idioms. They can act out or voice the dialogues in their groups, then move around and share them with other groups. Or, they can share the dialogues with the whole class. Writing activities Beginning: Using the Day in Photos You can use the Day in Photos series for writing, too. Before doing this activity, choose a photo or a few photos to display on the screen, without the descriptions. Tell students they will write a story about the person or people in the photo. If the students need help using their imaginations, provide a list of questions on the board or a shared screen, such as: What are they doing in the photo and why? What are they thinking in the photo? Beginners: Using Let’s Learn English Another great way to get beginning learners writing is our Let’s Learn English series. Each lesson asks learners to write a response to the topic of the lesson. For example, Lesson 25 shows the main character, Anna, learning about a new video game. Learners are asked to write an answer to this question: What games do you like to play? Intermediate: Using News Words Use our videos to also get your intermediate learners excited about writing. News Words is a series featuring short videos about popular words in the news. For this intermediate writing activity, choose a video that features a word relevant to most of your students. For example, the video News Words: Sacred talks about two uses of the word: one is in reference to something that deserves great respect, and the other is about religious or holy topics. Many students may be able to relate to the idea of something being sacred. For this activity, students watch the video and then write a paragraph about the importance of the word for them. They sit in pairs or small groups and share their writing with one another. Advanced: Using Words and Their Stories The series Words and Their Stories explores common expressions in American English. Each story contains many idioms, or expressions, usually with a mysterious or exciting storyline. For example, “Mystery at the Ice Castle Inn” told the story of four strangers stuck at a faraway inn on a mountain during an ice storm. All the idioms in the story are related to ice, snow or cold. Words and Their Stories is good for advanced writing activities because students get to practice using many idioms. For this activity, students work in pairs or small groups, depending on class size. Play the audio as the students view the text on a shared screen. Students then discuss the idioms in the story to make sure they fully understand the meanings. Together, they then write sentences for each idiom. After they’re finished, you can ask for examples from each group. Tips on giving feedback Before doing any of the activities, decide on your method of feedback. Speaking: A good feedback method for speaking activities is for you to monitor students as they speak. Take notes on some of the phrases you hear, whether they are correct or incorrect. After the activity, write the phrases on the board or shared screen. Then, ask students whether the grammar is correct. If students agree that the phrase is already correct, have the class simply repeat the phrase aloud. If it’s incorrect, ask for corrections. You can have volunteers make the corrections on the board. Writing Feedback For giving writing feedback, we recommend that you also keep things interactive. Put a checklist of questions on the board and then have students correct each other’s writing based on the questions. The checklist can include questions such as: Is the main point clear? Did the details support the main point? Is the punctuation correct? Are the sentences complete? Does the writer use correct grammar? You can also go around and monitor to make sure students are giving one another accurate corrections. Stay tuned for more Education Tips stories in the coming weeks. I'm Alice Bryant. And I'm John Russell. For the printable, extended list of activities and instructions, click here or on the image below. Alice Bryant wrote this story for Learning English. Kelly Jean Kelly was the editor. Do you teach English? Have you used our website in your classroom? Tell us what you've done and what you've enjoyed. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section or email the Education team. __________________________________________________________________ Words in This Story obvious - adj. easy to see or notice fascinating - adj. very interesting or appealing shy - adj. feeling nervous and uncomfortable about meeting and talking to people intermediate - adj. relating to or having the knowledge or skill of someone who is more advanced than a beginner but not yet an expert controversial - adj. relating to or causing much discussion, disagreement, or argument idiom - n. an expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its separate words but that has a separate meaning of its own context - n. the words that are used with a certain word or phrase and that help to explain its meaning castle - n. a large building usually with high, thick walls and towers that was built in the past to protect against attack inn - n. a house usually in the country where people can eat and rent a room to sleep in
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Trump Wants to Admit Immigrants Based on Job Skills
President Donald Trump wants to change United States immigration policy by tying admission to job skills. In his recent speech to Congress, Trump said changing the way America decides who can immigrate can help the economy. “It's a basic principle that those seeking to enter a country ought to be able to support themselves financially. Yet, in America, we do not enforce this rule, straining the very public resources that our poorest citizens rely upon.” Trump said such a system is used successfully in Canada and Australia. Basing immigration on job skills is sometimes called a “merit-based” system. Under the current system, immigrants are taking jobs away from Americans by agreeing to work for lower pay, he said. It would be a major change in U.S. policy, which now gives a preference to spouses, children and parents of American citizens. In 2014, family-based immigrants made up 64 percent of all new legal permanent residents in the United States, reports the Migration Policy Institute. Marie Price, an immigration expert at George Washington University, said if the U.S. moves to a merit-based immigration system, it needs to do so carefully. She noted that in Canada admission is based largely on a point system giving higher scores to people with special skills and advanced degrees. But she said many of those admitted ended up driving taxis or delivering food because they could not find jobs to meet their education skills. In some cases, professional licenses from other countries were not accepted in Canada. Since then, the point system has been changed so that people who can show they have job offers in Canada are given preference, said Sharyn Aiken of Queens University Law School in Canada. In addition, Canada looks at who can fill a range of jobs for which there are shortages of workers – such as child care, not just those requiring advanced college degrees, Aiken said. A new U.S. immigration bill Senator Tom Cotton is a Republican from Arkansas. He has proposed a bill that would move the United States to the merit-based system proposed by Trump. His proposal would also reduce legal immigration by half -- from about one million a year to about 500,000. Under Cotton’s bill, people with legal status in the U.S. could continue to get a preference for their children and spouses. But their parents will not get a preference. Cotton said many Americans believe the current immigration system helps businesses and not people. “These Americans see cheap immigrant labor as a way to enrich the wealthy while creating a near permanent underclass for whom the American dream is always just out of reach,” he said. William Stock is president of the American Immigration Lawyers Association. He disputes Cotton’s argument that the U.S. is allowing too many immigrants into the United States. Stock said the U.S. admits about one million legal immigrants a year, a lower percentage of America’s population than at any time in history. Stock also said it would be unfair to change to a merit based system for new immigrants without allowing those who have already applied for family members. He said some have been waiting 15 years or longer for a decision on their relatives. Stock added people calling for a merit-based immigration system should know that a promise of better wages in America will be not enough to get people to fill job openings in America. Many people will not want to move to the United States without their families -- making continuation of a family preference system important, he said. Trump has also followed through with his campaign promises of extreme vetting for immigrants and of building a wall along the U.S. southern border with Mexico. Bruce Alpert reported on this story for VOA Learning English. Hai Do was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section and share your views on our Facebook Page. ________________________________________________________________ Words in This Story principle - n. a basic truth or theory ought – v. used to say or suggest what should be done strain – v. something that is very difficult to deal with and that causes harm or trouble preference – n. an advantage that is given to some people or things and not to others score – n. points awarded for some achievement advanced – adj. beyond the basic level
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Vietnam Looks for Trade Deal with US
Vietnam is seeking a trade deal with the United States to replace the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement. Official media in Vietnam say Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc spoke to a delegation of American business people last week. He told them that he was ready to visit the United States. He added that he hopes to meet President Donald Trump for talks on trade and other issues. Some observers say Prime Minister Nguyen has a good chance to reach a trade deal with the U.S. American companies looking for markets Rahul Bajoria is an economist with the bank Barclays in Singapore. He says Vietnam hopes to increase exports to the U.S. with a trade deal. But he suggests that U.S. companies are also seeking access to Vietnam’s markets. “It could be the case there might be some pressure from the large (American) industrial manufacturers like the aircraft manufacturers or train companies. All of them may be much more interested in exporting to Vietnam,” [Bajoria said.] As much as nineteen percent of Vietnam’s $200 billion in economic activity comes from exports. Last year, the Southeast Asian nation exported $38 billion in goods to the U.S. and imported almost $9 billion in goods and services in return. Vietnam’s imports, however, increased by more than 14 percent in January with popular American products from Apple and Dell. In the financial center of Ho Chi Minh City, even Starbucks is becoming easy to find. Vojislav Milenkovic is with the business adviser BDG Insights. He said from Ho Chi Minh City, “You can see this every day on the street. You can see that people are trying to save and to buy high-quality products from foreign countries.” Could more two-party trade deals be possible? After the U.S. presidential election, Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen spoke to Trump by telephone. Trump told Nguyen that he wanted to strengthen ties with Vietnam and that he was willing to meet in the United States. Oscar Mussons is with Dezan Shira & Associates, a business consultancy in Ho Chi Minh City. He says Trump might ask for Vietnam’s support in the South China Sea, an important waterway where the U.S. is pushing freedom of navigation. Without the TPP, Vietnamese leaders have been looking for other trade deals to lift the country’s economy. They include a free trade agreement with the European Union reached in 2015. The deal is to take effect next year if Vietnam meets the EU parliament’s conditions. I’m Mario Ritter. Ralph Jennings reported this story for VOA News. Mario Ritter adapted it for VOA Learning English. Hai Do was the editor. We want to hear from you. Send us your comments below or on Facebook. _____________________________________________________________ Words in This Story consultancy –n. a company that gives advice to businesses for a cost
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Pirate Hijack Ship off Somalia's Northern Coast
Criminals have hijacked an oil tanker off the coast of Somalia in the Indian Ocean. Pirates hijacked the large ship called the Aris 13 on Monday. The hijacking surprised the global shipping industry. It was the first attack on a large ship by East African pirates since 2012. Naval patrols carried out by members of the NATO defense alliance and also China, India and Iran, had decreased Somali pirate attacks for several years. However, the United Nations warned in October that the situation was not secure. It said Somali pirates still have the ability and the will to restart attacks. John Steed is director of Oceans Beyond Piracy. He said the Aris 13 has a crew of eight Sri Lankan sailors. It was carrying fuel from Djibouti to Somalia's capital, Mogadishu, before it was seized. An official in the semiautonomous state of Puntland said the ship was approached by two small boats off Somalia’s northern coast. More than 20 men then boarded the ship. Weapons smugglers and members of the al-Qaida-linked extremist group al-Shabab are known to be in the area. Ship is anchored off the coast of Somalia The ship was near the town of Alula on Tuesday, said Salad Nur, a local elder. "The ship is on the coast now and more armed men boarded the ship," he told The Associated Press by telephone. "They have been sailing through the ocean in search for a foreign ship to hijack since yesterday morning and found this ship and boarded it." An official based in the Middle East with knowledge of the incident said no demands for money have been made. The captain reported that when the two small boats came near the ship, crew members could see armed men on the boats. "The ship changed course quite soon after that report and is now anchored," the official said. A Britain-based spokeswoman for the European Union Naval Force operation of Somalia, Flight Lieutenant Louise Tagg, said an investigation was taking place. The U.S. Navy's 5th Fleet is based in Bahrain. It oversees anti-piracy efforts in the area, but it did not immediately answer a request for comment. Sri Lanka's Foreign Ministry said in a statement that it had contacted shipping agents and foreign officials for more information. It said it is seeking to help ensure the crew's "safety and welfare." “The pirates never went away” Although the incident is the first major pirate attack near Somalia since 2012, John Steed said the pirates did not leave. "The pirates never went away, they were just doing other forms of crime.” Somali pirates usually hijack ships and crew for ransom, or payment of money. They do not normally kill hostages unless they come under attack. Piracy off Somalia's coast was once a serious threat to the global shipping industry. However, an international effort to patrol the oceans near Somalia has reduced the threat. Recently, local fishermen, including former pirates, have grown angry about the continued presence of illegal foreign fishing boats in Somalia’s waters. Salad Nur, the local elder, told the AP that young fishermen, including former pirates, have hijacked the ship. "Foreign fishermen destroyed their livelihoods and deprived them of proper fishing," he said. However, John Steed doubts the pirates are only fishermen. He called the claim “highly unlikely.” I’m Phil Dierking Abdi Guled and Jon Gambrell reported this story for AP. Phil Dierking adapted it for VOA Learning English. Mario Ritter was the editor. Do you think the Somali pirates actions are justified by illegal fishing? What’s a better response to the situation? We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section or on our Facebook page. ________________________________________________________________ Words in This Story anchored – adj. held firmly in place. deprived – adj. not having the things that are needed for a good or healthy life livelihood – n. a way of earning money in order to live hostage – n. a person who is captured by someone who demands that certain things be done before the captured person is freed pirate – n. someone who attacks and steals from a ship at sea semiautonomous – adj. a country, state, or community that has a degree of, but not complete, self-government. smuggler – n. someone who moves items from one country to another illegally and secretly
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People Celebrate 'Pi Day' in Different Ways
This is What’s Trending Today… March 14 is known around the world as “Pi Day.” “Pi” is something you may remember from math class. It is the number that results when the distance around a circle is divided by the distance across the circle. It is a very important number in geometry as well as for fields like construction and architecture. Pi is an irrational number. It never ends. But the way it begins is always this: 3.14159. The date March 14, as we write it in the United States, is 3-14. American physicist Larry Shaw started Pi Day back in 1988. The hashtag #PiDay was the top trending topic on Twitter Tuesday. Pi Day is not just for those who enjoy numbers. Many people mark the math-inspired holiday by celebrating “pie,” -- p-i-e, instead of “Pi.” Pie is a popular dessert in the United States. It is made with a crust on the outside and usually a sweet filling in the middle. Apple pie, pecan pie, and cherry pie are among the best known. Pizza is another kind of pie. It is made with a crust, tomato sauce, cheese and other toppings. One pizza restaurant is celebrating Pi Day in a big way. The restaurant &pizza is letting customers get married at its locations in several East Coast cities. While Pi Day is usually a light-hearted event, thousands of technology workers in California’s Silicon Valley are marking it in a more serious way this year. They are walking out of their workplaces at Apple, Facebook and Google to protest U.S. President Donald Trump’s policies on immigration. Among those policies is Trump’s travel ban, which blocks the approval of U.S. visas to citizens of six Muslim-majority countries and bars refugees from entering the country. Top executives and workers in Silicon Valley have been sharply critical of the ban. Many technology companies there were started by immigrants or children of immigrants. And that’s What’s Trending Today… _______________________________________________________________ Words in This Story field – n. an area of work, study, etc. architecture – n. the art or science of designing and creating buildings irrational number – n. a number that cannot be expressed as a ratio between two integers and is not an imaginary number crust – n. the outside part of a pie dessert – n. sweet food eaten after the main part of a meal light-hearted – adj. having or showing a cheerful and happy nature; not serious
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