Three Scientists Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry

  Three scientists have won the Nobel Prize for chemistry for their work to simplify and improve the imaging of biomolecules. Goran Hansson is Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He announced the names of the winners Wednesday from the group’s headquarters in Stockholm. "The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson.” Hansson said the scientists were being recognized for what he described as “a cool method for imaging the molecules of life.” Jacques Dubochet works at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. Joachim Frank is with Columbia University in the United States. Richard Henderson is with Britain’s Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. The three scientists developed a way to create three-dimensional (3D) images of biological molecules – images with height, width and depth. Their method is called cryo-electron microscopy. The Royal Swedish Academy described cryo-electron microscopy as “decisive for both the basic understanding of life’s chemistry and for the development” of new medicines. Scientists long believed that electron microscopes could only be used to study non-living things. The reason? Their powerful electron beam destroys biological material. But cryo-technology freezes the biological material, keeping it at extremely low temperatures. This protects it from damage. The power of the technology could be seen in the Zika crisis last year. Zika virus was linked to an increase in brain-damaged babies in Brazil. The virus spreads when an infected mosquito bites a pregnant woman. As concerns about Zika spread, scientists turned to cryo-electronic microscopy to make 3-D images of the virus at the atomic level. This helped researchers as they worked to create drugs and vaccines. The Nobel committee noted Wednesday that, in 1990, Henderson used an electron microscope to produce a 3-D image of a protein at atomic-level resolution. In the late 1970s and 1980s, Frank developed mathematical models to sharpen images from such microscopes. Dubochet added water to electron microscopy. He cooled water so quickly that it solidified in its liquid form around biological material. The process formed a kind of glass instead of ice. As a result, the biomolecules were able to keep their natural shape. The three scientists will share the $1.1 million prize. The Nobel prizes are named after the Swedish engineer Alfred Nobel. He was the inventor of dynamite, an explosive. Nobel left $9,000,000 in his will to establish yearly prizes. He said they should go to living people who have worked most effectively to improve human life. The first awards were presented in 1901. The chemistry prize is the third Nobel announced this week. The literature winner will be named Thursday and the peace prize will be announced Friday.   I’m Anne Ball.   VOANews.com reported on this story. George Grow adapted the report for Learning English. His story includes information from the Associated Press and Reuters news agency. Ashley Thompson was the editor. ________________________________________________________________   Words in This Story   academy – n. a school, usually place of higher learning; a society or group of learned persons three-dimensional – adj. of or related to having height, width and depth beam – n. a line or energy or light mosquito – n. an insect resolution – n. the ability of a device to show an image clearly and with a lot of detail

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More International Players Joining American Basketball Teams

  Before last season, the National Basketball Association (or NBA) announced it had more international players than ever before. And that number only continues to grow. When the 2016-2017 season started, the NBA said it had 113 international players. They represented 41 countries and territories. Many of the international players are European, African or Canadian. Some players are from South American countries such as Brazil and Argentina.   The Utah Jazz had the most international players, with seven. It is possible that the NBA will build on those numbers in the 2017-2018 season. For example, Lauri Markkanen of Finland and Frank Ntilikina of France were among the first 10 players chosen in the NBA draft. Players from Latvia, Germany and Slovenia were chosen later on. The Washington Wizards are the NBA team based in Washington, D.C. The Wizards are no different than the other teams. They have players from France, Czech Republic and Poland. Another player was born to Nigerian parents in the American state of Maryland. Ian Mahinmi of France plays center for the Wizards. His parents are from Jamaica and the West African nation of Benin. As a boy, Mahinmi wanted to play soccer like Patrick Vieira, a member of the French national team. Vieira was born in Senegal and helped France win the World Cup championship in 1998. But Ian Mahinmi grew too tall for soccer, so he gave basketball a try. Now, he is in his 10th season in the NBA. “The next thing you know, I am here,” he said. Mahinmi is 2.1-meters tall. He says, now, many young people in Europe and Africa dream of basketball. In the past, it was only soccer. “It’s not only soccer now. Basketball definitely took a big part in people’s heart. I feel like there is more and more young folks that grow up to be basketball player(s). There is more and more African players in the NBA, so it’s been a big growth since I got in the league.” The NBA is doing its part to interest young people with exhibition games in Africa and China. Starting October 5, the defending NBA champion Golden State Warriors will play two preseason games against the Minnesota Timberwolves in China. Mahinmi is working to spread the word about basketball, too. Last summer, he went to Benin and demonstrated basketball skills to 55 young players during a three-day event. Mahinmi enjoyed the visit. “The love that they showed me and the welcoming from the minute we got out [of] the plane until the last minute was tremendous. You know, this was probably the trip of the summer for me, my dad, probably the trip [of] our lives. So, you know, it’s something we want to do every summer.” The visit to Africa was important for Mahinmi. But now that the Wizards are back together, preparing for the new season, he wants to help his team improve. Last year, the Wizards won 49 games, their best total since the late 1970s. “I really feel like we are ready for the challenge,” Mahinmi said. “It’s going to be an exciting time.” I’m Dan Friedell. Salem Solomon wrote this story for VOANews.com. Dan Friedell adapted her report for VOA Learning English. George Grow was the editor. What do you think of the international players in the NBA? We want to know. Write to us in the Comments Section or on our Facebook page. _______________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   draft – n. a system by which professional sports teams choose players from college or high school teams — usually singular center – n. someone who plays a middle position on a team in sports like basketball, hockey, football, and soccer tremendous – adj. very good or excellent exhibition – n. a demonstration; a public showing

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October 4, 2017

A look at the best news photos from around the world.

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Jimmy Kimmel Asks Politicians To Change Gun Laws

This is What’s Trending Today. Late-night television host Jimmy Kimmel has the most-watched video on YouTube right now -- over 3 million views in less than a day. Kimmel is known for making jokes, but instead, he’s talking about something serious. The video is about 10 minutes long. He was talking to his audience about the mass shooting Sunday night at a concert in Las Vegas, Nevada. Fifty-nine people were killed and more than 500 others were hurt. Kimmel grew up in Las Vegas. He was close to crying as he spoke during the “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” show on Monday. “We have children without parents and fathers without sons, mothers without daughters,” Kimmel said. Kimmel told the audience that the United States is not doing enough to control access to guns. He criticized politicians for working to help the National Rifle Association – known as the NRA -- instead of their voters. He put the photos of about 50 members of the U.S. Senate on the screen. The National Rifle Association is a group that promotes the “right of the people to keep and bear arms.” Those words are part of the second amendment to the U.S. Constitution. On its website, the NRA says it is “a major political force and America’s foremost defender of second amendment rights.” The NRA does not want the U.S. government to make laws that restrict people’s ability to buy guns. Those laws are commonly known as “gun control.” After people die in fires, floods, airplane crashes and more, Kimmel said, other people try to prevent those things from happening again. For example, Kimmel remembered that after a hotel in Las Vegas burned down when he was a boy, the city made sure buildings were made of safer materials. But, after people are killed by guns, he said, all that people do is “send prayers” instead of doing something to prevent easy availability of guns. Kimmel said “there is more that we can do, and we need to do it.” He said politicians in the United States can make a difference, but they only offer “thoughts and prayers,” instead. Kimmel said, “I hate talking about stuff like this … I just want to laugh every night.” But this year, he has become a voice for those who think the U.S. government is not doing enough for its people. Before speaking about gun control, he also got involved in the biggest political debate of 2017: the attempt by the Republican Party to repeal the Affordable Care Act. The act provided many Americans with health insurance that they did not have before. Barack Obama signed the bill into law during his presidency. Kimmel started talking about healthcare after his son was born with a serious heart problem that required surgery.  Kimmel’s name was used during the debate, more than once. Some politicians said they would not vote for a new healthcare law unless it passed “the Jimmy Kimmel test.” Kimmel asked “if your baby is going to die, and it doesn’t have to, it shouldn’t matter how much money you make. I think that’s something, whether you’re a Republican or a Democrat, we all agree on that, right?” He told politicians to “stop with the nonsense,” and “take care of each other.” He said it again on Monday. And that’s What’s Trending Today. I’m Dan Friedell.   Dan Friedell wrote this story for VOA Learning English. Caty Weaver was the editor. What do you think of Kimmel’s speech about the shooting in Las Vegas? We want to know. Write to us in the Comments Section or on our Facebook page.   _____________________________________________________________ Words in This Story concert – n. a musical performance host – n. a person who talks to guests on a television show audience – n. a group of people who gather to watch something promote – v. to make people aware of foremost – adj. most important nonsense – n. behavior that is silly, annoying, or unkind access – n. a way of being able to use or get something  

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Psychologist Researches Mass Killers

  Once again someone has carried out a deadly mass shooting. On Sunday night in Las Vegas, Nevada, a man opened fire from high above a huge crowd at an outdoor music show. At least 58 people were killed and more than 500 injured. It is the worst mass shooting in American history. Police say the shooter was Stephen Paddock, a 64-year-old man from Mesquite, a small town in Nevada, about 180 kilometers from Las Vegas. They say he killed himself in the hotel room from which he attacked the crowd. More than 20 firearms were found in the hotelroom, on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Resort. Others were found at his home in Mesquite, Nevada. Police say he checked in to the hotel Thursday. ​ Investigators have not discovered why the shooter attacked. Police said Paddock did not have a criminal history; the FBI said he had no connection to any international terrorist group.  Paddock’s neighbors in Mesquite said he was retired. They said he​ gambled often. He lived with his girlfriend, Marilou Danley. His brother Eric Paddock of Florida expressed shock. He said his brother was a former accountant and a wealthy man. He said he did not believe his brothr was a member of any political or religious groups, had any ties to white supremacists or a history of mental problems. Eric Paddock said, “Where the hell did he get automatic weapons? He’s a guy who lived in a house in Mesquite and drove down and gambled in Las Vegas.” Experts say the number of mass killings has tripled in the past few years. In the United States, most of the deaths in such incidents are from gunfire. Psychologists have studied the killings and have created a profile of the kinds of people who do them. Psychologist J. Reid Meloy is such a researcher. VOA spoke to him after a mass killing. "We find that these individuals typically have more in common than they do in terms of differences." He said the killers are mostly men. They usually have a history of mental problems. Their relationships are often unstable. Meloy said the killers are often searching for fame. He said normally they have not acted in support of a cause even when they claim that to be the reason for their attack. “Oftentimes the pathway to violence begins with a personal grievance,” Meloy said. “And that grievance, is typically has three components to it: One is there’s some kind of loss; secondly there’s the feeling of humiliation; then thirdly, there’s anger toward and blaming of a person or a group of people that have caused them to have this problem.” There is another reason mass killings happen: unstable people are able to get weapons. Experts say social media may also add to the urge to kill. Reports of mass attacks quickly spread on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and other social media platforms. Today that is often how many people learn about major events, including information about friends who die in mass killings. Meloy said social media makes killers famous. When others who are unstable and in search of fame see this they may decide to imitate the acts of the killer so that they, too, can be famous. Meloy also said he believed there would be more mass killings. I’m Caty Weaver. This story was reported by Correspondents Carol Pearson and Victoria Macchi in Washington. Christopher Jones-Cruise adapted their reporting for Learning English. Caty Weaver was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section, or visit our Facebook page. _______________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   gamble – v. to play a game in which you can win or lose money or possessions; to bet money or other valuable things triple – adj. three times bigger in size or amount profile – n. a brief written description that provides information about someone or something grievance – n. a feeling of having been treated unfairly component – n. one of the parts of something (such as a system or mixture); an important piece of something humiliate – v. to make (someone) feel very ashamed or foolish imitate – v. to make or do something the same way as (something else)

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Preparing Students for Changing Job Markets

  Chances are that today’s college graduates will get jobs not directly connected to their majors. A 2014 study by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York found that only 27 percent of graduates from four-year colleges were working in jobs connected to their college majors. North Carolina State University is trying to help students face the likelihood that their future jobs will not connect directly to their majors. This fall, the university is offering two days of workshops to help 30 juniors and seniors “design their lives.” School officials were inspired by a popular class at the Design School at Stanford University in California. The Stanford class helps students prepare for the future. Among other things, the Stanford professors say they provide “ideas for what the world needs more of.” At North Carolina State, three college deans will teach the workshops. All offer expertise in different fields – Jeff Braden in humanities, Annette Ranft in business management, and Mark Hoverstein in design. Braden said he hopes students who take the workshops will feel better about themselves. “I would say first don’t worry that you don’t have everything that other people seem to have. I think that there is a real tendency among people of our undergraduates’ generation to think everyone else has it all figured out and they don’t.” One reason that young people think others are doing better than they are is social media, Braden said. “On Facebook, you only see what I put up there. You don’t see all the private things.” As to advice to students about where the jobs will be, Braden suggests looking toward work that cannot be done by machines or computers. He also suggests jobs that deal with questions that are a “little fuzzy” to figure out. By fuzzy, he means that finding solutions to problems is not always clear, or when there is more than one possible answer. Ranft, the North Carolina State management dean, said students should also think beyond their first jobs after college. She hopes students will look toward “lifelong professional goals.” Unlike their grandparents, today’s college graduates are not likely to stay in a job for their entire lives, or even more than five years. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median number of years that workers stay on a job was 4.2 years in January 2016. That was down from 4.6 years in 2014. “The days of someone working at the same job for his or her entire life are over,” Braden said. What about Liberal Arts majors? Liberal arts is an area of study that includes literature, psychology, political science, philosophy, sociology and other subjects, including performing arts. Some believe that liberal arts majors will have a hard time finding a job after college -- given the importance of technology. Not so, says a report by the jobs website Monster.com It says that liberal arts majors bring skills to jobs in technology, marketing and business operations among others. “That's because your studies have taught you how to think critically, research thoroughly, and write well—all of which are skills any employer will value,” the Monster.com report said. Braden said that he hears from parents who are worried about their students majoring in liberal arts or humanities. But he recalls asking one of the worried parents what they majored in in college. ”I majored in English, but now I’m in sales,” the parent said. Braden responded: “Okay, thank you, you just proved my point.” By the numbers, the U.S. Census Bureau found that engineering was the major that the produced the highest average salary after graduation, $92,000. The major with the lowest annual salary was visual and performing arts, $50,700.   Bruce Alpert reported this story for VOA Learning English. Hai Do was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section and share your views on our Facebook Page.  If you are in college, what is your major? Do you think you’ll get a job related to that major? Do you think you are prepared to take a job “outside your chosen field” if necessary?  ___________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   tendency - n. way of behaving or going about something median - n. the middle value in a series of values arranged from smallest to largest thoroughly - adv. careful about doing something in an accurate and exact way

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American Company Identifies Online Threats to Prevent Violence

  Last Friday, employees at an American company discovered threats on social media against a school in Edmonton, Canada. The company, the Tactical Institute, has offices in Washington, D.C. The institute gave the threat information to the school’s leadership and the Edmonton Police Department. The school was put on lockdown -- meaning people were not permitted to leave or enter the building. A short time later, law enforcement officials detained the person who police say wrote the threat on Twitter. The lockdown ended, and the school was declared safe, The Edmonton Journal newspaper reported. In one of the tweets, the suspect wrote, “Maybe I should take a … gun to school tomreow (CQ) shoot up the school. He says that is “how u people make me feel (angry.)” Bob Dowling is the president of the Tactical Institute. He says it provides reports to businesses about threats on social media against them and their workers. The institute is now offering the service to schools at what he says is a lower price. Social media and the Las Vegas attack Dowling does not know whether threats or suggestions of violence will be found on social media about Stephen Paddock. Police identified him as the gunman who killed over 50 people in Las Vegas Sunday night. Police said he fired shots from the upper floors of a hotel at a large crowd of people attending an outdoor country music festival. Dowling said that his company is looking at the internet for any information that might suggest why the Nevada man would commit the largest mass murder in recent American history. “We are actually scouring the internet right now with law enforcement looking for any social media presence." It may be that that there is not much from Stephen Paddock on social media. But Dowling said that some people who knew Paddock might have written something about him that would offer a possible explanation why he would kill so many people. Dowling once worked as a special agent for the United States government. He told VOA he does not know how many people plotting an attack discuss their plans on social media. “We don’t know what is going on in everybody’s mind. But we attempt our very best to find that small minority of individuals in the vast minority that is contemplating dangerous acts or acts toward people, innocent people.” In the Edmonton school threat, Dowling said, an 18-year-old high school student had written two tweets that raised concerns about violence. It included threats of a violent attack on the school, as well as a plan to take his own life. The student had also published a video up on social media that showed him walking alongside the Balwin School, which serves students in grades one through nine. It also offers kindergarten classes for younger children. Fortunately, there was no attack on the school and its students. But on Saturday night, there was violence in Edmonton. Police reported a car and knife attack on a police officer near a field where a football game was taking place, and a high-speed chase involving a moving van. The incident left four people injured. Polices said the attacks were carried out by a single man. Police arrested a 30-year-old man, Abdulahi Hasan Sharif. He was identified as a Somalia refugee who was once investigated for connections to extremism. Dowling said that there does not seem to be connections between Hasan Sharif and the student who made threats on Twitter. But there is another point worth looking into, Dowling said. The student who wrote threats against the school on Twitter posted videos. At least one of them shows drivers running people down with their cars or trucks. The drivers then leave their vehicles and use knives to attack the victims again. That is what Hasan Sharif is accused of doing Saturday night in Edmonton -- one day after the student’s tweets were discovered. The Tactical Institute employs former members of the U.S. armed forces to look on social media for threats against its paying customers. Dowling said that his company will tell schools and others of threats it discovers against them during its social media searches -- whether they are customers or not. He says that Tactical has warned 18 schools, including one in Scotland, about threats of violence against their students, teachers and school buildings. I’m Kelly Jean Kelly. Bruce Alpert reported on this story for VOA Learning English. George Grow was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section and share your views on our Facebook Page. _________________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   festival - n. a special time or event when people gather to celebrate something or listen to performances scour - v. to search for something carefully and thoroughly contemplate - v. thinking about doing something fortunately - adv. used to say that something happened or something bad did not happen

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Scientists Win Nobel Prize in Physics for Measuring Gravitational Waves

  Three scientists have won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work in measuring gravitational waves. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the prize winners on Tuesday. The scientists are Rainer Weiss of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Barry Barish and Kip Thorne, both of whom work at the California Institute of Technology. The three men were involved in the first actual observation of gravitational waves in September 2015. They are being recognized for a combination of highly developed scientific theory and equipment design. The German-born Weiss was awarded half of the $1.1 million in prize money. Thorne and Barish will split the other half. The physics prize has been split among two or more winners for the past 25 years. About a hundred years ago, Albert Einstein proposed his General Theory of Relativity. It predicted the existence of gravitational waves anytime an object accelerates, or speeds up. His theory changed the way scientists understand the universe. But only recently were the waves seen, proving Einstein was correct. Barish told the Associated Press that the Nobel prize is “a win for Einstein, and a very big one.” Weiss, Barish and Thorne were leaders in the experiments performed at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO. They measured very small disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the Earth. LIGO measured gravitational waves for the first time about two years ago. Those waves were produced when two “black holes” came together and formed a single, huge black hole. The two black holes were about 1.3 billion light-years from Earth. A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year: about 9.46 trillion kilometers. When the discovery of gravitational waves was announced several months later, scientists and other people were astonished. Weiss said of the physics prize: “I view this more as a thing that recognizes the work of a thousand people.” Weiss has been attempting to detect gravitational waves for many years. He designed a laser-based device in the 1970s to do so. The Nobel announcement said that Weiss, Thorne and Barish “ensured that four decades of effort led to gravitational waves finally being observed.” It noted that Einstein believed gravitational waves could never be measured. Thorne told the Associated Press from California shortly after the announcement that “it’s a win for the human race as a whole. These gravitational waves will be powerful ways for the human race to explore the universe.” Ariel Goobar is with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He said the winners’ work meant “we can study processes which were completely impossible, out of reach to us in the past. The best comparison is when Galileo discovered the telescope, which allowed us to see that Jupiter had moons and all of a sudden we discovered that the universe was much vaster than we used to think about,” he added. Patrick Sutton is an astronomer at Cardiff University in Wales. He told the AP that with the technology the scientists developed “we may even see entirely new objects that we haven’t even imagined yet.” I’m Phil Dierking. VOA’s Chris Hannas wrote this story from Washington. Christopher Jones-Cruise adapted his story for Learning English. His report includes information from the Associated Press news agency. George Grow was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section, or visit our Facebook page. ________________________________________________________________ Words in This Story   accelerate – v. to move faster; to gain speed disturbance – n. a change in the position, arrangement or order of something black hole – n. an invisible area in outer space with gravity so strong that light cannot get out of it  astonished – adj. feeling or showing great surprise or wonder decade – n. a period of 10 years vast – adj. very great in size, amount or extent

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Trump Visits Hurricane Victims, Aid Workers in Puerto Rico

  President Donald Trump flew to the island of Puerto Rico Tuesday to meet with its leaders for the first time since a powerful storm hit the U.S. territory two weeks ago. Trump and his wife Melania landed at an air base near San Juan, the Puerto Rican capital. Aid workers are using the base to direct recovery efforts on the Caribbean island. “I’ve never seen people working so hard in my life,” Trump said. The Trumps met with U.S. troops, emergency medical crews and survivors of Hurricane Maria. The storm was the strongest to hit Puerto Rico in many years. Maria destroyed its electric power network, as well as many homes, businesses, roads and farms across the island. At least 16 people were killed. Trump noted the island's relatively low death toll compared with another storm, Hurricane Katrina, which struck the southeastern United States in 2005. Katrina was blamed for more than 1,800 deaths, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency. “Every death is a horror,'' Trump said. “But if you look at a real catastrophe like Katrina and you look at the tremendous, and hundreds and hundreds of people that died, and you look at what happened here...nobody's ever seen anything like this.” Trump praised the island’s recovery efforts and promised an all-out effort to keep providing federal assistance. He praised Puerto Rican officials for offering kind words about the aid. But he admitted that a lot more must be done and called on locals to do more to help aid get to areas outside the city. Trump met with a number of Puerto Rican officials and shook the hand of San Juan’s mayor, Carmen Yulin Cruz. A few days ago, Cruz strongly criticized the Trump administration for the speed of recovery efforts. Trump reacted by attacking Cruz on Twitter for her “poor leadership.” He also suggested her criticism was influenced by politics. In another Twitter post, the president said the people of Puerto Rico “want everything to be done for them.” Trump said he now thinks the mayor may have changed her mind about the recovery efforts. “Well, I think she’s come back a long way,” he said. “I think it’s now acknowledged what a great job we’ve done, and people are looking at that.” Trump met with hurricane victims at several stops on the island and handed out supplies during a visit to a church. “There's a lot of love in this room,” he said, calling those in attendance “great people.” Trump also met with Puerto Rico’s Governor, Ricardo Rossello, and Governor Kenneth Mapp of the U.S. Virgin Islands, which were also hit by Maria. Rossello told reporters on Monday that more than 720 of the island's 1,100 gasoline stations were now up and running, with more fuel supplies expected in coming days. The governor reported that about half of water and sewer services are still not operational. He added that federal and local officials were working together to keep at least 50 of the island’s 69 hospitals operating. I’m Bryan Lynn. Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English. His story was based on information from VOANews.com, the Associated Press, Reuters and Agence France-Presse. George Grow was the editor. We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments section, and visit our Facebook page. _____________________________________________________________ Words in This Story network – n. a system of lines or wires that are connected to each other according – adv. as stated by or in catastrophe – n. terrible disaster acknowledge – v. say you accept or agree with something sewer – n. pipes buried underground that carry water and waste

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October 3, 2017

A look at the best news photos from around the world.

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Explainer: FAA

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